Fourier Intelligence
Fourier, formerly Fourier Intelligence, is a Shanghai robotics company that makes rehabilitation robots and the GR series of general-purpose humanoid robots. It was founded in 2015 by Alex Gu (Gu Jie), its chief executive, and started with rehabilitation technology: its RehabHub platform and exoskeletons help people recovering from neurological conditions to train their hands, arms and legs, walk, balance and climb stairs. It unveiled the Fourier X1 walking exoskeleton in 2017 and acquired Zhuhai RHK Healthcare in 2020. Fourier began developing humanoids in 2019 and unveiled the GR-1 at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference in Shanghai in July 2023; a production version followed in late 2023, 1.65 m tall and 55 kg. In 2024 it rebranded as Fourier and launched the GR-2, 1.75 m tall with 53 degrees of freedom, 12-degree-of-freedom hands and swappable batteries. Its GR-3 series followed, and its investors include IDG Capital and Saudi Aramco.
๐กNotable Achievement: In 2023, Fourier launched GR-1, the industry's first mass-produced humanoid robot, with cumulative shipments of hundreds of units across AI R&D, manufacturing, and service applications.
What Does Fourier Intelligence Do?
Fourier Intelligence applies its clinically proven rehabilitation actuator technologies to build human-safe bipedal humanoids for clinical care and factory lines.
โTransferring biomechanical rehabilitation engineering to commercial general-purpose humanoids.โ
Proprietary FSA actuator series
Clinically tested human-safe force compliance
Dual commercial focus on eldercare and manufacturing
What Can Fourier Intelligence Robots Actually Do?
Cross-portfolio operational capabilities, manipulation tasks, and environmental competencies
Medical-grade force feedback, high-torque joint manipulation, 12-DoF tactile array hands, and hot-swappable batteries.
Medical-Grade Force Feedback
Compliant force sensing and adjustable virtual boundaries engineered from clinical rehabilitation therapy standards.
High-Torque Joint Manipulation
Proprietary Fourier Smart Actuator (FSA) modules delivering high peak torque for heavy assisted patient transfers and industrial lifting.
Tactile Array Sensing Hands
12-DoF dexterous hands featuring integrated tactile sensor arrays across palms and fingertips for delicate contact management.
Rapid Hot-Swap Battery Architecture
Dual removable battery modules permitting quick power cycling without taking the robot offline during manufacturing shifts.
Fourier Intelligence Robots
Showing 3 Humanoid Robots of 3 total models
GR-1
By: Fourier Intelligence
Launched: 2023
The Fourier GR-1 is a pioneering mass-produced humanoid robot engineered for practical applications in research, healthcare, and industry. Standing at human height with 44 degrees of freedom, it replicates human-like proportions and bipedal locomotion, enabling fluid walking at 5 km/h, running, stair climbing, and obstacle navigation via peak torque of 230 Nยทm. Equipped with six RGB cameras for pure vision perception using BEV and Transformer models, it generates real-time 3D occupancy grids for precise environmental understanding. GR-1 features dexterous hands with 11 DOF for grasping varied objects, powered by Fourier Smart Actuators (FSA) that integrate motor, driver, and encoder. Advanced AI with large language models supports natural conversations, emotional expressions via high-resolution displays, and task automation. Its lightweight 55 kg frame balances agility and 15-50 kg carrying capacity, ideal for human-robot collaboration in dynamic settings.
GR-3
By: Fourier Intelligence
Launched: 2025
The GR-3 is a full-size humanoid robot standing 165 cm tall, designed as a care-centric companion for homes, healthcare facilities, and public spaces. Weighing 71 kg with 55 degrees of freedom, it combines advanced bipedal locomotion with dexterous 12-DOF hands for complex manipulation tasks. The robot features Fourier's proprietary Full-Perception Multimodal Interaction System integrating vision, audio, and tactile sensing for emotionally aware responses. Its hybrid control architecture merges fast reflexive actions with large language model reasoning, enabling natural human-robot interaction. The GR-3 excels in assisted living, eldercare, and interactive companionship scenarios through its expressive animated interface and whole-body teleoperation capabilities.
GR-2
By: Fourier Intelligence
Launched: 2024
The GR-2 by Fourier Intelligence is a cutting-edge humanoid robot designed to revolutionize human-robot interaction. Standing at 175 cm and weighing 63 kg, it boasts 53 degrees of freedom and 12-DoF dexterous hands equipped with tactile sensors. Powered by seven distinct FSA 2.0 actuators, each joint delivers up to 380 Nm of torque, enabling GR-2 to perform complex tasks with precision. Its swappable battery offers up to 2 hours of runtime, and the robot supports various programming methods, including VR remote control and lead-through programming. GR-2 is ideal for applications in healthcare, research, and industrial automation.
Fourier Intelligence Software & AI Ecosystem
Developer platforms, fleet management portals, autonomy intelligence, and enterprise integrations
Open Humanoid Developer Platform with ROS2 and Mujoco models
Fourier Global Rehabilitation Network Cloud
GRx Hexagonal Core
Fourier Intelligence Timeline & Milestones
Evolutionary history, landmark prototypes, major acquisitions, and commercial roadmap
Fourier founded in Shanghai
Alex Gu founds Fourier Intelligence in Shanghai to build rehabilitation robots.
Source: en.wikipedia.org
Fourier X1 exoskeleton unveiled
Fourier unveils the Fourier X1, a lower-limb walking exoskeleton for rehabilitation.
Source: en.wikipedia.org
Acquires Zhuhai RHK Healthcare
Fourier acquires Zhuhai RHK Healthcare to expand its rehabilitation market reach.
Source: en.wikipedia.org
GR-1 humanoid unveiled at WAIC
Fourier unveils its GR-1 humanoid robot at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference in Shanghai.
Source: en.wikipedia.org
GR-2 humanoid launched
Fourier launches the GR-2, a 1.75 m humanoid with 53 degrees of freedom, after rebranding from Fourier Intelligence to Fourier.
Source: therobotreport.com
Fourier Intelligence Competitors by Category
Direct industry rivals grouped by specific robotics domain
What Makes Fourier Intelligence Different?
Editorial AnalysisOrigin of Bots objective strategic assessment, engineering moats, and commercial hurdles
Key Strengths & Moats
- โExtensive mechanical reliability and compliance validation derived from medical exoskeletons.
- โDeployed in over 2,000 global rehabilitation institutions.
- โActive pilot with SAIC-GM.
Core Strategic Focus
Expanding deployments from clinical therapy and eldercare assistance into automotive component manufacturing.
Road Ahead & Challenges
- โขWalking gait and maximum locomotion speed lag behind athletic biped platforms like Unitree.
Fourier Intelligence vs Key Competitors
Strategic capability matrix across platform categories, commercial readiness, and target markets
Origin Heritage
- Fourier Intelligence (GR-2)
- Medical Rehabilitation Exoskeletons
- UBTECH (Walker S1)
- Commercial Humanoids & Servos
- 1X Technologies (NEO)
- Tendon Direct-Drive Motors
- Unitree Robotics (G1)
- Dynamic Quadruped Hardware
Degrees of Freedom
- Fourier Intelligence (GR-2)
- 53 Active DoF
- UBTECH (Walker S1)
- Up to 52 DoF
- 1X Technologies (NEO)
- 22 DoF (Arms/Hands)
- Unitree Robotics (G1)
- 23โ43 DoF
Hand Articulation
- Fourier Intelligence (GR-2)
- 12-DoF Tactile Sensor Hands
- UBTECH (Walker S1)
- Multi-Finger Force Array
- 1X Technologies (NEO)
- 22-DoF Soft Tendon Hands
- Unitree Robotics (G1)
- Optional 3-Finger Dex3-1
Primary Markets
- Fourier Intelligence (GR-2)
- Healthcare, Rehab, & Automotive
- UBTECH (Walker S1)
- Automotive Manufacturing
- 1X Technologies (NEO)
- Domestic Living & Eldercare
- Unitree Robotics (G1)
- Academic STEM & Research
| Strategic Dimension | Fourier Intelligence (GR-2) | UBTECH (Walker S1) | 1X Technologies (NEO) | Unitree Robotics (G1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Origin Heritage | Medical Rehabilitation Exoskeletons | Commercial Humanoids & Servos | Tendon Direct-Drive Motors | Dynamic Quadruped Hardware |
| Degrees of Freedom | 53 Active DoF | Up to 52 DoF | 22 DoF (Arms/Hands) | 23โ43 DoF |
| Hand Articulation | 12-DoF Tactile Sensor Hands | Multi-Finger Force Array | 22-DoF Soft Tendon Hands | Optional 3-Finger Dex3-1 |
| Primary Markets | Healthcare, Rehab, & Automotive | Automotive Manufacturing | Domestic Living & Eldercare | Academic STEM & Research |
Corporate Ecosystem & Ownership Structure
Parent company relationships, historical acquisitions, and global operating facilities
Global Facilities & Operating Hubs
Fourier Intelligence Headquarters
HQShanghai, China
Articles & Industry News
Showing 4 recent articles and news updates about Fourier Intelligence
Fourier GR-1 Readies Production with ChatGPT-Level AI Grasping
News about GR-1
GR-2 Pre-Orders Open for April 2026 Delivery
News about GR-2
Fourier's GR-3 Redefines Humanoid Robotics With Emotional Intelligence at Its Core
News about GR-3
Fourier Intelligence Unveils GR-2: A New Era in Humanoid Robotics
News about GR-2
Robot Comparisons
Showing 4 in-depth comparisons featuring Fourier Intelligence โ Explore all comparisons โ
GR-1 by Fourier Intelligence vs Unitree H1-2
Head-to-head: GR-1 vs Unitree H1-2 compared on bipedal balance, AI learning, and real-world deployment for research and care.
Agile ONE vs GR-3 by Fourier
Agile ONE or GR-3? Compare specs, sensors, navigation, battery, and speed for industrial vs service humanoid performance.
Daimon One vs GR-3 (Fourier)
Head-to-head: Daimon One vs GR-3. Explore differences in navigation, sensors, battery, mobility, AI, and software.
AgiBot A2 vs GR-2 (Fourier Intelligence)
Compare AgiBot A2 and GR-2. Detailed analysis of navigation, battery, sensors, mobility, AI, software, and pricing.
Frequently Asked Questions
8 AnswersVerified answers, company specifications, and deployment details about Fourier Intelligence
What is Fourier Intelligence?
Fourier, formerly Fourier Intelligence, is a Shanghai robotics company founded in 2015 that makes rehabilitation robots and the GR series of general-purpose humanoid robots.
Who founded Fourier?
Fourier was founded in Shanghai in 2015 by Alex Gu, also known as Gu Jie, who is the company's chief executive.
What is the Fourier GR-1?
GR-1 is Fourier's first humanoid, unveiled at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference in Shanghai in July 2023. The production version is 1.65 m tall and weighs 55 kg.
What is the Fourier GR-2?
GR-2, launched in 2024, is Fourier's second-generation humanoid. It is 1.75 m tall and 63 kg, with 53 degrees of freedom, 12-degree-of-freedom hands and a swappable battery running up to two hours.
Does Fourier make rehabilitation robots?
Yes. Fourier began with rehabilitation technology, including its RehabHub platform and exoskeletons that help patients with neurological conditions train, walk, balance and climb stairs.
Why did Fourier Intelligence change its name?
In 2024 the company rebranded from Fourier Intelligence to simply Fourier as it expanded from rehabilitation robots into general-purpose humanoids.
Who has invested in Fourier?
Fourier's investors include IDG Capital and Saudi Aramco, which back the company's move from rehabilitation robots into general-purpose humanoid robots.
How much does a Fourier humanoid cost?
Fourier does not publish fixed list prices for its GR humanoids. Research institutions and businesses need to contact the company for pricing.
Verified Data & Editorial Assurance
Compiled from verified corporate filings, official Fourier Intelligence datasheets, and robotics engineering registries. Information has been verified against official manufacturer documentation. For commercial procurement or proprietary integrations, contact the manufacturer directly.